Psychological Types
Introversion, extraversion and the four functions, argued at length rather than as a personality quiz.
One mechanism will naturally predominate, and if this condition becomes in any way chronic a type will be produced; that is, an habitual attitude in which one mechanism predominates permanently.
Jung builds his typology from the ground of intellectual history before he reaches the clinic. The long central chapters read type through medieval nominalism and realism, Schiller and Nietzsche, Spitteler's poetry, and William James, treating the recurring split between opposed temperaments as evidence that orientation, not content, divides how people think and value. Only in the tenth chapter does he set out the general descriptions of the eight types, each attitude crossed with a leading function, and in the eleventh he fixes a working vocabulary: libido, image, soul, self, individuation. For the clinician the value lies less in classification than in what the scheme opens up. Jung argues that the conscious type is shadowed by its opposite in the unconscious, so that the neglected inferior function carries a patient's disturbance and their possibility of change. Type here is a map of what a person systematically overvalues and cannot see.
About the author
Carl Gustav Jung
Carl Gustav Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist who founded analytical psychology. He worked closely with Sigmund Freud in the early years of the psychoanalytic movement before breaking with him in 1913 over the nature of the libido and the unconscious. Jung's work posits a collective unconscious populated by archetypes, and frames individuation as the lifelong integration of the psyche. He also distinguished psychological types along the introversion and extraversion axis. He practised and wrote in Zurich until his death in 1961.
Details
- 1921
- 1923
- Psychologische Typen
- German
- R. F. C. Hull
- Princeton University Press
- Princeton University Press, 1921
- 634
- 9780691018133